Zamoření bytu štěnicemi - pozor na histamin

  • Posted on: 2 February 2022
  • By: admin
štěnice a histamin

Pokud štěnice napadnou váš byt, čeká vás nelehký úkol jak se jich zbavit. 

Štěnice domácí se množí velmi rychle, ve dne je prakticky neaktivní, v noci když lidé a domácí zvířata spí se vydávají na "výpravu" za krví.

Má se za to, že některé druhy štěnic by mohly přenášet např. bakterii Trypanosoma cruzi (původce Chagasovy choroby) případně bakterii Bartonella quintana (původce tzv. Zákopové horečky). Toto tvrzení se ovšem laboratorně nepotvrzuje.
Kousnutí a následné sání krve od štěnice ovšem způobuje různé závažné dermatitidy (kožní onemocnění) v reakci na přítomnost proteinu nitroforin ve slinách štěnic, který zabraňuje krevním destičkám ve srážení krve.

trus štěnic obsahuje velké množství histaminu

Některé studie tohoto nepříjemného parazita nyní ukazují na další problém, který vzniká po zamoření obydlí štěnicemi.
Vědci zjistili, že trus štěnic, který se běžně, při jejich výskytu, objevuje na místech, kde štěnice sají krev, nebo se zdržují, obsahuje velké množství hormonu (protein) histamin.
Histamin je u citlivých jedinců spouštěč nejrůznějších akutních zánětlivých reakcí jako je např. kopřivka, bušení srdce, průjem, anafylaktický šok, respirační potíže apod.

Vědci učinili pokus a na vzorku bytů z nichž některé byly zamořeny štěnicemi, jiné nezamořeny odebrali vzorky prachu v místnostech. Tyto vzorky potom testovali na zvýšenou přítomnost histaminu.
Výsledkem jejich zkoumání bylo, že byty, v kterých se štěnice nevyskytovaly obsahovaly stopové množství histaminu, pro člověka nepostřehnutelné.
V bytech, kde se štěnice vyskytovaly byly nameřeny hodnoty histaminu v průměru více než 54 μg/100 mg prachu. Toto množství je srovnatelné s uvádením množstvím histaminu v kysaném zelí, které se nedoporučuje při histaminové intoleranci konzumovat.
Vzorky prachu použité jako vzorek byly jemně prosáté a dá se tedy říct, že histamin se vyskytuje v tak jemné podobě, že jde prakticky o poletavý prach, který je velmi snadné vdechovat.

Na závěr vědci upozornili na fakt, že histamin se v této koncentraci v bytech vyskytoval i po dezinsekci prováděné vysokou teplotou - nad 50°C. Ani to nevedlo ke snížení jeho množství. Další poměrně důležitá věc je, že histamin je velmi stálý a ani po měsících nedochází k jeho degradaci.

zdroj:DeVries ZC, Santangelo RG, Barbarin AM, Schal C (2018) Histamin jako emergentní vnitřní kontaminant: Akumulace a perzistence v domácnostech zamořených štěnicemi. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0192462. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192462
 

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