Nejmenší známý plaz na světě

  • Posted on: 8 February 2022
  • By: admin
nejmenší chameleon - Brookesia nana
Latinsky: 
Brookesia nana

nejmenším zatím objeveným plazem je chameleon (Brookesia nana). Samec nově objeveného druhu měří pouze 21,6mm na délku (délka i ocasem), samice měřila 28,9mm. 
Vědci objevili chameleona v pralese na severu ostrova Madagaskar. V současné době jsou známy pouze dva exempláře tohoto druhu a moc se toho o jejich životě zatím neví. 
Odborníci se domnívají, že se živí pravděpodobně roztoči a dalšími miniaturními bezobratlými živočichy. Přes den zřejmě hledají potravu na zemi a na noc se ukrývají na stéblech trávy.

Proč se vyvinul postupně do tak malých rozměrů je možná proto, že malé druhy chameleonů jsou schopny obecně lépe ovládat svůj jazyk při lovu potravy, a také, že jsou schopny ho "vystřelit" až na vzdálenost 2,5x násobku své délky. Jazyk malého chameleona se potom pohybuje rychlostí cca 2 590 m/sˉ², jinak řečeno jeho jazyk by překonal za jednu sekundu vzdálenost 2,5km.

Další možností je, že se zde uplatňuje tzv. Fosterovo ostrovní pravidlo. Tato teorie evoluční biologie má za to, že některé (velké) druhy zvířat mají v uzavřeném ekosystému ostrovů tendenci se mezigeneračně zmenšovat, a naopak jiné druhy zvětšovat. U velkých druhů zmenšování souvisí např. s dostatkem zdroje potravy = menší druhy mají nižší energetické nároky. U malých druhů jako jsou např. hlodavci je zvětšování způsobováno hlavně nedostatkem predátorů v místě jejich působení.  Takový druh pak nepotřebuje být menší a tím pádem rychlejší a obratnější. 

brookesia-nana

obr. - (A-C) samec chameleona, (D-E) samice
zdroj: Glaw, F., Köhler, J., Hawlitschek, O. et al. Extreme miniaturization of a new amniote vertebrate and insights into the evolution of genital size in chameleons. Sci Rep 11, 2522 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80955-1

Oblast, kde se miniauturní chameleon Brookesia nana vyskytuje, zahrnula Madagaskarská vláda do seznamu chráněných území. Můžeme tak doufat, že tento zajímavý plaz nevyhyne.

 

Komentáře

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It utilizes the entire physique just like the snatches however incorporates momentum.
The swing is a compound full-body movement that engages traps
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Whereas utilizing light weights might help reduce the chance of harm, it’s necessary to problem
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By utilizing a cable machine or resistance band, you possibly can carry out this train while seated or standing,
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This exercise successfully targets the identical muscle groups, including the shoulders
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By holding a dumbbell in every hand and lifting them laterally, you
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Newbies should look at the foundational weight, to begin with
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The kettlebell upright row is a valuable exercise for targeting the shoulders and higher back, but it carries potential risks, notably for the shoulders.

Rowing in a standing place additionally brings in the component of balance and core activation. You will in all
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of most of the potential downsides of the seated cable row.
While not an exact substitution, Shrugs are another nice higher back/trapezius exercise.

The additional inward the shoulders are during the carry,
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pain and irritation. Upright rows target the muscular tissues of the upper again (traps, rhomboids) and the medial and posterior deltoid (middle and back of the shoulders).
There’s secondary activation of the bicep muscle
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exchange the upright row, but they'll provide related muscular
benefits. The benefits of modifying the upright row are to keep away from injuries that may happen from
overuse and repetitive motions.
The erector backbone muscle group is a protracted strip of muscles that spans the length of the vertebral column and ends within the
decrease back. You activate this muscle group if you bend at the waist and move your torso backward,
inflicting the erector spinae to extend, which is exactly what you do when you work out on a cable row machine.

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Many lifters use a shrugging motion to carry the bar towards
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